كندا لايف – أكد مرّبو النحل في مقاطعة ألبرتا أنهم يواجهون أسوأ معدل وفيات شتوي تم تسجيله في التاريخ الحديث.
وقد وصلت نسبة خسائر النحل إلى 50% بالمائة عند البعض وحتى 90 بالمائة عند البعض الآخر من المعتنين بتربية النحل في إحدى مقاطعات البراري في الغرب الكندي.
ويعزو مرّبو النحل الأسباب إلى انتشار العث الطفيلي إضافة إلى سوء الأحوال الجوية ونوبات الطقس البارد التي شهدتها المنطقة في نهاية الموسم.
’’مشكلة كبرى‘‘، تقول غريس ستروم صاحبة مزرعة عسل في هاي ريفر في جنوب مدينة كالغاري.
ربما يكون هذا أسوأ ما رأيته منذ 15 عامًا. هذا هو أسوأ ما شهدناه في التاريخ الحديث.نقلا عن مربية النحل غريس ستروم
تؤكد المتحدثة بأن هذا الضرر لم يلحق بها هذه السنة، وهي أخذت نصيبها في العام 2018 حيث فقدت نصف عدد نحلها في ظروف مماثلة يومها.
اقتضى ثلاث سنوات بعد هذه الكارثة، لتستعيد ستروم الخسائر المالية الناجمة عن خسارة نحلها.
وتشير المزارعة الكندية إلى أنها تتخذ منذ الكارثة التي حلّت بمستعمرات نحلها احتياطات إضافية لتقليل عدد العث قبل حلول فصل الشتاء.
توضح مرّبية النحل الكندية بأن تغير المناخ يسمح للعث بالتكاثر أكثر من المعتاد. ولذلك فهي تحث منتجي العسل على اتخاذ كل الترتيبات الممكنة. خاصة وأن تغّير المناخ، وفقًا لها، ستكون له عواقب متزايدة على تربية النحل.
يذكر أن العث الطفيلي هو من أكثر المشاكل شيوعا بين النحالين في الوقت الحاضر، وهذه العث الطفيلية منتشرة في كل أنحاء العالم تقريبا. تتغذى هذه الحشرة، التي يمكن لمربي النحل أن يراها بالعين المجردة ، على الدم من نحل العسل. وبصرف النظر عن إضعاف النحل في حد ذاته، قد يكون العث ذاته يحمل فيروسات تصيب النحل.
يواجه النحّالون الكنديون الذين عانوا من الخسائر في مستعمرات نحلهم تحديًا مزدوجًا: التحدي المتمثل في القيام باستثمارات فورية لاستبدال النحل الميت، والتحدي الثاني المتمثل في العثور على مكان لشراء النحل وإعادة توطينه.
تشرح شيلي هوفر الباحثة المساعدة في قسم العلوم البيولوجية في جامعة ليثبريدج في مقاطعة ألبرتا، أن أمر إعادة إسكان (توطين) 90٪ في مستعمرة نحل العسل يترتب عليه مبلغا ماليا ضخما ليس بمقدور غالبية المزارعين على تحمله.
فيما يتعلق بالتحدي الثاني، تشير شيلي هوفر إلى أنه لا يوجد وفرة في السوق المحلية لتجديد خلايا النحل المفقودة لا سيما أن خسائر النحل منتشرة جدًا في كندا بسبب مضاعفات البرد القارس.
أضف إلى ذلك تقول المتحدثة ’’فإنه مع قيود السفر بسبب الجائحة، أصبح استيراد النحل من دول مثل تشيلي ونيوزيلندا وأستراليا أمرًا صعبًا للغاية.
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